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What is NPS?
What is NPS about?
How NPS works compared to standard and race engines
Operating Principles of NPS
Basic description of parts and processes that work together to produce NPS
Combination of parts and processes that work together to produce NPS
HTCSI combustion compared to HCCI combustion
Working prototype engines
Negative pressure produces the SAME force as positive pressure
Vacuum or boost is the result of high pressure forcing itself into low pressure environment
How internal combustion engines and superchargers actually work

Hot Air Induction and Cold Water

NEW Hot Air Induction and Cold Cooling System uses...
HOT AIR to increase the speed of combustion to just BEFORE the point of self-ignition
COLD WATER to maintain the optimum burn rate and combustion temperature of the hotter intake charge and prevent it from igniting prematurely

NOTE
Hot Air Induction.................

refers to air induction temperatures ABOVE 40°C (104°F)
Cold Cooling System........... refers to water temperatures 40-50°C (104-122°F)

Hot Air Induction produces MORE torque and horsepower than Cold Air Induction more details

Engine runs HOT with cold water and hot air induction...ONLY the water passages run cold more details

Hot Air Induction is also produced by supercharger and turbocharger air pumps more details


Hot Air Induction and Cold Water
The larger intake charge pulled into the cylinder by Negative Pressure Supercharging burns slower and is more difficult to ignite the colder the air induction temperature BELOW 40?C (104?F). Therefore, the air induction temperature is increased ABOVE 40?C (104?F) to increase the speed of combustion to just before the point of self-ignition. This makes the larger intake charge burn much faster and produce more combustion pressure (torque). For more details see Ultra Fast Burn

However, hot water temperatures between 60-110?C (140-230?F) cause the hotter intake charge to exceed the optimum burn rate and combustion temperature which substantially reduces power. Therefore, the water temperature is reduced to 40-50?C (104-122?F) in order to maintain the optimum burn rate and combustion temperature with hot air induction. Even though the water temperature is much cooler with hot air induction the engine runs HOT. For more details see Engine runs HOT with cold water and hot air induction

Also, the much faster burn produced by hot air induction uses less ignition advance to prevent pre-ignition (pinging) and produce more power. For more details see NPS Ignition Timing

For example,

If air induction temperature...
If water temperature...
EXCEEDS 50°C (122°F) Engine produces more power the hotter the air induction temperature is increased from 50-121°C (122-250°F) but the water temperature must NOT exceed 50°C (122°F). Engine produces less power the hotter the water temperature ABOVE 50°C (122°F).
FALLS BELOW 40°C (104°F) Engine produces less power the colder the air induction temperature is reduced BELOW 40°C (104°F) even if the water temperature is increased to above 82°C (180°F). Engine produces less power the colder the water temperature BELOW 40°C (104°F).

Engine runs HOT with cold water and hot air induction?ONLY the water passages run cold
The NPS Cold Cooling System prevents combustion from exceeding the optimum temperature and burn rate with the hotter and faster burn produced by Hot Air Induction. This prevents pre-ignition and allows the engine to produce more power the hotter the air induction temperature ABOVE 40°C (104°F) but ONLY if the water temperature is kept between 40-50°C (104-122°F). Because cold water is able to draw more heat from the hotter and faster burn produced by hot air induction than hot water, the cold water prevents the combustion chamber from running too hot and igniting the intake charge prematurely. Therefore, cold water is a lot more effective than hot water at maintaining the optimum combustion temperature and burn rate with the hotter intake charge. This allows the engine to run HOT with cold water and hot air induction...ONLY the water passages run cold. For more details see NPS Cold Cooling System

Hot Air Induction produces MORE torque and horsepower than Cold Air Induction
A hot intake charge produces more combustion pressure and reaches its maximum pressure much faster than a cold intake charge. This allows hot air induction to produce more torque and horsepower than cold air induction even though hot air is less dense than cold air. However, hot air induction must be used with cold coolant in order to produce more power than cold air induction. For more details see Ultra Fast Burn

For example,

If one cylinder of a typical V8 engine is filled with a cold intake charge and another cylinder is filled with a hot intake charge of equal volume, the cylinder with the cold intake charge is more dense which produces more power. This is true ONLY when the cold intake charge is used with hot coolant because the hot water increases the temperature of the cold intake charge to the optimum burn rate.

However, the cold intake charge produces LESS power with cold coolant during a cold start or with hot coolant during hot weather. This is because...
Cold water reduces the temperature of the cold intake charge BELOW the optimum burn rate
Hot water increases the temperature of the hot intake charge ABOVE the optimum burn rate


However, by using cold coolant with a hot intake charge the cold water reduces the temperature of the hot intake charge to the optimum burn rate. This allows the hot intake charge to produce a lot more combustion pressure than a cold intake charge because hot gas burns much faster than cold gas.

Therefore, the engine produces more power with hot air induction because the increase in power produced by the higher combustion pressure of hot gas is much greater than the loss produced by the less dense hot air.

The cold coolant also maintains the optimum combustion temperature with the hotter and faster burn produced by the hot intake charge. This allows the engine to run HOT with cold water and hot air induction...ONLY the water passages run cold.


Hot Air Induction is also produced by supercharger and turbocharger air pumps
A fact easily overlooked with supercharger and turbocharger air pumps is that they generate so much heat they produce a hot intake charge. This causes pre-ignition and reduces power. Therefore, intercoolers are used with air pumps to reduce the temperature of the intake charge to the optimum burn rate but the intake charge is still hotter than outside temperatures which is Hot Air Induction.

The Negative Pressure Supercharging process has the opposite problem?it reduces the air induction temperature which makes the larger intake charge too cold and difficult to ignite. Therefore, heat is drawn from the exhaust headers to increase the temperature of the intake charge to the optimum burn rate. This produces an intake charge that is hotter than outside temperatures which allows the larger intake charge to burn faster and produce more power. However, because the NPS process uses a Cold Cooling System instead of an intercooler it allows using an even hotter intake charge which produces a further increase in power.





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